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After looking over the client’s request, you can identify the actors and use cases needed for the model’s main use-case diagram.  The actors in the system can function in the following roles we have identified:

New a Textual Analysis in Visual Paradigm for UML

Borrower

Who borrows and returns the books.  A borrower may request a book that is currently on loan by placing it on hold.  There are specific types of borrower:

Undergraduate Student

Graduate Student

Academic Staff Member

Technical Staff Member

Alumnus

General

Using Visual Paradigm for UML to identify “Borrower” as an actor in problem statement

Librarian

Who needs to keep track of loans and returns, notify borrowers when they need to return books or journals, assess and collect membership fees for some borrowers, and asses and collect charges on overdue library materials.  The librarian is also in charge of ordering new books and adding them to the library.

Instructor

A person who is teaching a Computer Science course and can authorize that certain materials in the Reading Room be placed on reserve for the duration of the course (i.e. these materials can be used as a reference in the reading room, but cannot be signed out on loan).

Using Visual Paradigm for UML to identify the actors in problem statement

We have also identified the following use cases that will be often implemented in the Reading Room system:

Borrow

The borrower provides the description of the material she wants to borrow (catalogue number).  The system determines if the borrower’s account is valid and if the library material is available (or “in”), and registers the book or journal as “out”, adding it to the list of library materials on loan to that borrower.  If the book is checked out, the system gives the borrower an option to “request hold” (see Request Hold use case below).

Using Visual Paradigm for UML to identify “Borrow” as a use case in problem statement

Return

The borrower provides the description of the material she wants to return (catalogue number).  The system determines if that library material is part of its holding and on loan to the borrower, and registers the book or journal as “in”, removing it from the list of library materials on loan to that borrower.  If the book or journals are being returned late, a late fee is assessed to the borrower.  If the book/journal is requested by another borrower (see Request Hold below), it is registered as “on hold”.

Request Hold

The borrower provides the description of the material (catalogue number) she wants to borrow but which is not available.  The system registers the book or journal as “requested hold” to that borrower.

Pay Late Fee

The borrower pays the penalty for books not returned on time.

Pay Membership Fee

The paying borrower pays this fee to have borrowing privileges at the Reading Room.

Order Material

the librarian provides the description of a new book or journal, and the information regarding the date of order, the supplier, expected cost, etc.

Assess Late Fee

The system assesses the fee to each borrower if that borrower is late returning library materials.  The late fees can be assessed either periodically, and/or upon the return of the library materials.

Assess Membership Fee

The system assesses the fee to each borrower who neither works nor studies in the department.  This fee must be paid once a year to have borrowing privileges at the Reading Room.

Send Reminder

Periodically the system will send reminders of outstanding fees and/or unreturned books and journals to the borrowers.

Add To Catalogue

When a new book or journal arrives, the librarian will add its information to the catalogue, and place it on the appropriate shelf.

Make Reserve

The system registers the book or journal as “reserved” and it cannot be checked out until the reservation is removed at the end of the reservation period.

Request Reserve

The instructor provides the description of the material (catalogue number) he wants to place on reserve for the students in his course.

Other, less frequent use cases that we extracted from the client’s requirements are:

Create Borrower

when each person uses the reading room services for the first time

Delete Borrower

when students graduate or staff leave the department

Renew Borrower

when paying borrowers renew their membership on an annual basis

Using Visual Paradigm for UML to identify use cases in problem statement